Ramin Bidari

The body constitutes the primary foundation of human life, and the nervous system evolved fundamentally to preserve and protect it. From the earliest stages of development, the brain continuously interacts with the environment, caregivers, and lived experiences, gradually constructing patterns whose primary function is to increase the probability of survival. This paper proposes a conceptual … Read more

Throughout life, human beings encounter a wide range of thoughts, emotions, memories, social roles, and personal narratives. They can become aware of their fears, observe their thoughts, and even reflect upon their identity and personality. This experience gives rise to a fundamental question: What is it that is aware of all these processes? This article … Read more

Identity is one of the most fundamental concepts in human experience and plays a central role in how individuals perceive themselves and the world around them. Most psychological and neuroscientific theories regard identity as the outcome of interactions among memory, experience, learning, culture, and brain structures. This article presents an alternative perspective, proposing that identity … Read more